Conceptual Structuring of Strategic Alliance Forming Drivers With the TISM Method (Case Study: Inlaid Furniture Industry of Malayer City)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Business Administration, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor of the Department of Management, Economics and Progress Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of Business Administration, Payam-e Nour University, Tehran, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

This study was carried out to provide a structure of the driving forces that form the strategic alliance in the Inlaid Furniture Industry. This study is a mixed, developmental, applied, and cross-sectional design. Its data collection method was field and its tools were interviews and questionnaires, its philosophical position was interpretive in the qualitative part and positivist in the quantitative part. In the qualitative design, 20 experts were selected in a targeted and snowball method, and 10 people were selected in the quantitative part. The validity and reliability of both tools were evaluated and confirmed in both qualitative and quantitative sections. To analyze the data, the thematic analysis method was used in the qualitative part and the comprehensive structural interpretive modeling method was used in the quantitative part. The drivers of forming a strategic alliance are macro and environmental, industrial, alliance-related, company-related, and marketing mix drivers. The evidence obtained from the Total structural interpretative modeling method showed that the developed conceptual structure has four levels, the first level of which consists of drivers related to the marketing mix, the second level of drivers related to the company and alliance, the third level of those drivers related to Industry and its fourth level are macro and environmental drivers. The results of this study led to the recognition of the drivers of the formation of strategic alliances in the inlaid furniture industry of Malayer City. The drivers identified were placed in four levels and the most effective were macro and environmental drivers.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abbasi-Herfteh, B., and Bandi, H.R. (2016). The Study of Finding the Ground and Presenting the Model for the Establishment of a Cooperative to Meet the Needs of Domestic Airlines, Project Employer: Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour, and Social Welfare of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Contract Number 221853, https://icoop.mcls.gov.ir/fa/filepool/download/557778fb1f4d40e6ae864900d0511c72 [In Persian]
Aghazadeh, H., Heidari, A., Zargham Boroujeni, H., & Shalbafian, A. A. (2017). A Framework for Alliance Formation in Tourism Businesses: Meta-synthesis Approach. Journal of Tourism and Development. 5(3), 1-24. [In Persian]
Al Amri, S., (2019). The Role of Culture in Implementing Management Contracts Within the Hotel Industry in Oman. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
Alam, A., Uddin, M., & Yazdifar, H. (2019). Financing Behaviour of R&D Investment in the Emerging Markets: The Role of Alliance and Financial System. R&D Management, 49(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12303
Anvari, M.M., Abbaspour, M., Lahijanian, A.O.M., Vafaeinejad, A., and Habib, F. (2017). Identifying and Classifying the Factors Affecting Strategic Alliance Formation in Urban Environment Management. Bulgarian Chemical Communications. 49 (Special issue), 159-167.
Azizi, M., & Mansouri, H. (2021). Analysis of Marketing Strategic Planning in the Home Furniture Industry by Applying ANP: A Case Study of the Iranian Home Furniture Industry. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. 13(1), https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v13i1.813
Bissessur, A., & Alamdari, F.E. (1998). Factors Affecting the Operational Success of Strategic Airline Alliances. Transportation. 25, 331-355. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005081621754
Bizzi, L. (2017). The Strategic Role of Financial Slack on Alliance Formation. Management Decision. 55(2), 383-399. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2016-0125
Bouncken, R., & Ratzmann, M., & Covin, J.G., & Pesch, R. (2023). Post-Formational Buyer Directives: Aid or Harm for Learning and Innovation in Alliances?. Industrial Marketing Management. 112, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.05.001
Byun, J., Sung, T., & Park, H. (2018). A Network Analysis of Strategic Alliance Drivers in ICT Open Ecosystem: With Focus on Mobile, Cloud Computing, and Multimedia. Multimed Tools Appl. 77, 14725–14744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5059-1
Castillo-Montoya, M. (2016). Preparing for Interview Research: The Interview Protocol Refinement Framework. The Qualitative Report. 21(5), 811-831. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2016.2337
Chiambaretto, P., & Wassmer, U. (2018). Resource Utilization as an Internal Driver of Alliance Portfolio Evolution: The Qatar Airways Case (1993–2010). Long Range Planning. 52(1): 51-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.02.004
Čirjevskis, A. (2019). What Dynamic Managerial Capabilities Are Needed for Greater Strategic Alliance Performance?. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology. Market, and Complexity. 5(36), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5020036
Clarke, A., & Macdonald, A. (2016). Outcomes to Partners in Multi-Stakeholder Cross-Sector Partnerships: A Resource-Based View. Business & Society. 58(2), 298-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650316660534
Elahi, S., Khalidi, A., Majidpour, M., and Asadi Fard, R. (2018). Essential Factors for the Success of Asymmetric Technological Cooperation Between Large and Small Companies in Iran's Nanotechnology Sector, 16th International Conference on Management (Scientific-Research), Tehran, Al-Zahra University, https://www.civilica.com/Paper-IAMS16-IAMS16_064.html [In Persian]
Franco, M., and Pereira, C. (2013), Exploring the Reasons and Factors Influencing the Formation and Development of Alliances in the Hospitality Industry. Baltic Journal of Management. 8(4), 438-462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BJM-03-2013-0042
Gatobu, D., & Maende, C. (2019). Drivers of Strategic Alliances Growth in the Kenya Telecommunication Industry: A Case of Safaricom Limited. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration. 3(6), 71-92. http://www.iajournals.org/articles/iajhrba_v3_i6_71_92.pdf
Genç, N., & Alayoglu, N., & İyigün, N. (2012). A Conceptual Model Proposal for Determinants, Form, Functions and Structure Choice in Strategic Alliances. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 58: 1594-1600. https://doi.org/58. 1594-1600. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1146
Goeke, C., Gersch, M., Freiling, J. (2015). The Coevolution of Alliances and Industries: How Industry Transformation Influences Alliance Formation and Vice Versa In A Focussed Issue on Identifying, Building, and Linking Competences. Research in Competence-Based Management. 5, 79-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S1744-2117(2010)0000005007
Grant, R.M., and Baden Fuller, C. (2004). A Knowledge Accessing Theory of Strategic Alliances. Journal of Management Studies. 41(1), 61–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00421.x
Haghighi Kafash, M., Sadeghi, D., & Ghassemi, A. (2014). Ranking of the Factors Affecting Airlines’ Strategic Alliance Success Using Experts’ Views. Tourism Management Studies. 8(23), 27-50. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23223294.1392.8.23.2.3 [In Persian]
Haghighi, M., Jalai, S.H. (2017). Strategic Alliance Formation from the Institutional Theory Perspective. Business Administration. 9(4), 717-734. https://doi.org/10.22059/jibm.2017.126495.1688 [In Persian]
Haghighi-Kafash, M., Mazloomi, N., khalilnezhad, S., & Moshfegh, M. (2020). Qualitative Model of Strategic Partnership in Small and Medium Enterprises. Commercial Strategies. 16(13), 119-132.  https://doi.org/10.22070/cs.2020.2431 [In Persian]
Hayton, J., & Olk, P. (2013). Developing Alliance Formation Process Capabilities: Replication, Adaptation and Flexibility in Creating Research and Development Consortia. Research Papers 0013, Enterprise Research Centre.
Jahanshad, S., & Vedadi, A. (2015). Investigating the Relationships Between The Partners' Selection CriteriaIn Inter Organizational Strategic Cooperation In The It Industry of Iran. Journal of Management and Accounting Studies. 7(1), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.24200/jmas.vol7iss01pp43-50
Jalali, S.H. (2012). Explaining the Content Elements of Partner Selection in Strategic Alliances: A Study in the Context of Iranian Software Industry. Iranian journal of Management Sciences. 7(27), 147-168. [In Persian]
Jeje, K. (2014). Motives Behind Strategic Alliance Formation Among Medium-Sized Manufacturing Firms in Tanzania. Journal of Management and Strategy. 5(3), 76-88. https://doi.org/10.5430/jms.v5n3p76
Jha, A., Kim, Y. J., & Gutierrez-Wirsching, S. (2018). Formation of Cross-Border Corporate Strategic Alliances: The Roles of Trust and Cultural, Institutional, and geographical distances. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance. 21, 22-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2018.10.003
Jin, J., Max von Z., & Li Choy, C. (2015). Formation of R&D Alliances in the Chinese Mobile Telephony Industry. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies. 8(2), 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JCEFTS-02-2015-0011
Jongwe, A., Moroz, P., Gordon, M., & Anderson, R. (2020). Strategic Alliances in Firm Centric and Collective Contexts: Implications for Indigenous Entrepreneurship. Economies. 8(31), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies8020031
Kazakova, N., & Shuvalova, E., & Chemarina, A., & Nikanorov, A., & Kurochkina, I., & Sokolova, E. (2019). The Mechanism for Creating an Effective International Strategic Alliance in the Field of Air Transportation: Selected Papers from the 18th International Conference on Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication, RelStat’18, 17-20. Riga. Latvia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12450-2_67
Khosravilaghab, Z., Mosleh, A., & Salarzehi, H. (2022). Investigating the Role of International Political Approaches to the Motivation of Entering International Technological Strategic Alliances (Case Study: Oil Industry). Journal of International Business Administration, 5(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.22034/jiba.2022.51849.1897 [In Persian]
Khosravilaghab, Z., Mosleh, A., Salarzehi, H. (2022). Investigating the Role of Knowledge Management on the Motivation to Enter International Technological Strategic Alliances (Case Study: Oil Industry). Management Research in Iran. 26(2), 1-16. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.2322200.1401.26.2.1.0
Khosravilaghab, Z., Tabnak, M. (2023). Identifying and Investigating the Motives of Entering in the International Supplier Alliances (Case Study: Export Companies of Bushehr Port). Journal of International Business Administration. 6(2). 113-137. https://doi.org/10.22034/jiba.2023.52355.1911 [In Persian]
Khosravilaqab, Z., Salarzahi, H., Mosleh, A., Yaqoubi, N.M., Arman, M. (2016). Investigating Technology Transfer as a Motivation to Enter the International Technological Strategic Alliance in the Oil Industry. Strategic Management Research Quarterly. 23(67). 39-59. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22285067.1396.23.67.2.7 [In Persian]
Kinderis, R., & Jucevičius, G. (2013). Strategic Alliances – Their Definition and Formation. Latgale National Economy Research. 1(5), 106-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2013vol1.5.1155
Kohtamäki, M., & Rabetino, R., & Huikkola, T. (2023). Learning in Strategic Alliances: Reviewing the Literature Streams and Crafting the Agenda for Future Research. Industrial Marketing Management. 110, 68-84. https://doi.org/110. 68-84. 10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.02.011
Li, T., and Chen, J. (2020). Alliance Formation in Assembly Systems with Quality-Improvement Incentives. European Journal of Operational Research. 285(3), 931-940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.02.041
Lin, H., & Darnall, N. (2015). Strategic Alliance Formation and Structural Configuration. Journal of Business Ethics. 127(3), 549-564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2053-7
Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park (CA), Sage.
Lotfi, R., Aali, S., Mahmoudzadeh, M., Faryabi, M., (2021). Causes and Consequences of Coalition of Iranian export Saffron Brands. Saffron Agronomy & Technology. 9(2), 209-224. https://doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2021.240983.1405 [In Persian]
Lu, L.H., & Huang, Y.F. (2019). Manufacturing strategy, organizational slack, and the formation of interfirm linkages. Chinese Management Studies. 13(1), 70-92 https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-08-2017-0238
Masrurul, M. (2012). An Overview of Strategic Alliance: Competitive Advantages in Alliance Constellations. Journal of Business Management and Corporate Affairs. 1(1),1-10.
Mazlooni, N., Rahmandost, H., Haghighi Kafash, M., Ahmadi Partovi, S. (2019). A Model for International Joint Venture Strategy Implementation (Evidence from Iranian Auto Industry). Journal of Strategic Management Research. 25(73), 35-57. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22285067.1398.25.73.2.3 [In Persian]
Meurs, H., & Sharmeen, F., & Marchau, V., & Heijden, R. (2020). Organizing integrated services in mobility-as-a-service systems: Principles of alliance formation applied to a MaaS-pilot in the Netherlands. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practic. 131: 178-195. https://doi.org/131. 10.1016/j.tra.2019.09.036
Min, S. (2020). Network of loyalty programs: a sequential formation. Technical report, University of California - Berkeley.https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/sjmin711/sjmin711.github.io/raw/master/Network_of_Loyalty_Programs.pdf
Miri-Asl, H., Talebi, K. (2019). A Model for Strategic Alliance Functions for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Journal of Management and Development Process. 31 (4) :165-188. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17350719.1397.31.4.2.9 [In Persian]
Mohebimanesh, O., Hosnavi, R., Tavakoli, G., & Bagheri, A. (2019). Identifying and Explaining Key Enabling Factors to Implement a Successful Strategic Alliance. Journal of Business Management. 11(4), 944-964. https://doi.org/10.22059/jibm.2018.266850.3259 [In Persian]
Mousavi, M. (2017). Forming the Association of Furniture and Inlay Manufacturers and Exporters in Malair. Iranian Wood, Furniture and Paper Industry Monthly. 18(121): 8-9. [In Persian]
Muthoka, R. K., & Kilika, J. M., & Muathe, S. M. A. (2022). Partner Related Motives and Strategic Alliance Formation: Evidence from Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. Economics and Business Quarterly Reviews. 5(3), 113-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/xz2yw
Nguyen, P.T.M., Mai, K.N., Nguyen, P.N.D. (2021). Alliance Management Practices for Higher Trust, Commitment and Inter-Organizational Relationship Performance: Evidence from Travel Companies in Vietnam. Sustainability. 13(16), 1-22, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169102
Nikbakht, M., Moshabaki, A., Kordnaeij, A., & Khodadad Hosseini, S. H. (2019). Identifying and Ranking of Factors Influencing the Formation of Types of International Strategic Alliance. Journal of Business Management Perspective. 18(39), 13-34. https://doi.org/10.29252/jbmp.18.39.13. [In Persian]
Norouzi, M., Javadi, M., & Golchin, S. (2021). Feasibility Study of Implementing Strategic Alliance in Small and Medium Industrial Enterprises. Journal of Strategic Management Studies12(47), 41-61. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22286853.1400.12.47.14.2 [In Persian]
Nwokocha, V. C., & Madu, 1. A. (2020). Influence of Strategic Inter-firm Alliance on the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Enugu State Nigeria. Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies. 12, 199–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974910119896634
Nyland, K. (2018). New Ventures Entering the Norwegian Maritime Industry - How can new ventures utilize strategic alliances to overcome entry barriers?. Published Master Thesis in Entrepreneurship, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2575870
Okeniyi, J., & Branine, M. (2017). Factors Affecting the Formation of Strategic Alliances between Local SMEs and MNCs in Ghana. International Journal of Strategic Business Alliances. 1-8.
Peng, X., & Jia, Y. F., & Chan, K., & Xiongyuan, W. (2021). Let us work together: The Impact of Customer Strategic Alliances on IPO Underpricing and Post-IPO performance. Journal of Corporate Finance. 67. 101899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.101899
Prabhudesai, R., Pangarkar, N., and Prasad, C.V.V.S.N.V. (2022). Resource Type and SME Alliance Formation: the Contingent Role of Perceived Environmental Uncertainty. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. 29(7), 1071-1088. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2021-0046
Preusler, T. S., Costa, P., Crespi, T., & Porto, G. (2020). Relationship Capability and Strategic Alliances for Research and Development. Revista de Administração Contemporânea. 24(3), 201-217. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2020180181
Radfar, R., Pileh Vari, N., Ghazi Noori, A.R., Shakeri, R. (2015). Study of Firm-Level Strategic Alliances Drivers; Case Study Pharmaceutical Industry. Public Management Researches. 8(27), 45-70. https://doi.org/10.22111/jmr.2015.2062 [In Persian]
Russo, A., & Vurro, C., & Nag, R. (2018). To Have or to Be? The Interplay Between Knowledge Structure and Market Identity in Knowledge-Based Alliance Formation. Research Policy. 48(3), 571-583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.09.008
Samadi, A., Sohrabi, R., Soleyman Abadi, M., Soleyman Sharafi, M.R. (2013). Evaluation of Strategic Alliance Formation in an Industrial Cluster. Supply Chain Management. 15(41), 50-59. [In Persian]
Sambasivan, M., & Siew-Phaik, L., & Mohamed, Z., & Yee, C.L. (2013). Factors Influencing Strategic Alliance Outcomes in a Manufacturing Supply Chain: Role of Alliance Motives, Interdependence, Asset Specificity and Relational Capital. International Journal of Production Economics. 141(1), 339-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2012.08.016
Setyadi, T. (2022). Strategic Alliances, Competitive Advantages, And Bandwagon Effect In The Perum Perhutani Wood Industry. International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE). 2. 47-53. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijse.v2i2.24
Shah Hoseini, M. A., Heidari, A., Aarabi, S. M., & Ghaderi Kangavari, S. (2019). Developing a Management Model for R&D Strategic Alliances in Automotive Industry in Iran. Journal of Business Management. 11(1), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.22059/jibm.2018.258526.3065 [In Persian]
Shalbafian, A. A. (2019). Network of Environmental Themes Affecting Strategic Alliance Formation (Study Case: Iranian Medical Tourism). Journal of Tourism Planning and Development. 8(29), 125-142. https://doi.org/10.22080/jtpd.2019.13914.2826 [In Persian]
Shalbafian, A. A. (2020). Thematic Network Related to Partner Selection in Strategic Alliances (Study Case: Iranian Medical Tourism Businesses). Tourism Management Studies15(50), 129-155. https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2020.31013.1903 [In Persian]
Sheth, J.N., and Parvatiyar, A. (1992). Towards a Theory of Business Alliance Formation. Scandinavian International Business. 1(3),71-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0962-9262(92)90012-U
Shields, P.W. (2017). Executive Perception of the Nature of Their Involvement in Forming and Sustaining Cross-Sector Strategic Alliances, Published Doctoral Dissertation, University of Charleston, School of Business and Leadership, West Virginia, USA.
Sofka, W., & Noseleit, F., & Blettner, D., & de Faria, P. (2015). The Impact of Obfuscation on Strategic Alliance Formation: If You Can't Convince Them, Confuse Them?. Academy of Management Proceedings. 1, https://doi.org/17529-17529. 10.5465/AMBPP.2015.17529
Sompong, K., Igel, B., and Lawton Smith, H. (2014). Strategic Alliance Motivation for Technology Commercialization and Product Development. Management Research Review. 37(6), 518-537. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-03-2013-0070
Steiner, B., Lan, K., Unterschultz, J., and Boxall, P. (2017). Applying the Resource-Based View to Alliance Formation in Specialized Supply Chains. Journal of Strategy and Management. 10(3), 262-292. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-06-2016-0040
Stensaker, B., Maassen, P. & Rosso, A. (2023), The European University Initiative – Investigating Alliance Formation and Initial Profile Developments. Tertiary Education and Management. 29(2), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11233-023-09125-y
Subhash, P.R. (2019). A Study on Formation and Performance of SME Alliances with Special Reference to Indian Manufacturing Firms. Published Doctoral Dissertation, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India.
Sushil (2017). Modified ISM/TISM Process with Simultaneous Transitivity Checks for Reducing Direct Pair Comparisons. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management. 18, 331–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40171-017-0167-3
Syngle, T. (2022). Understanding the Differences in Strategic Alliance Formation in the Indian and Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry. Joseph Wharton Scholars. Available at https://repository.upenn.edu/joseph_wharton_scholars/129
Tang, J., & Hsu, T. (2018). Utilizing the Hierarchy Structural Fuzzy Analytical Network Process Model to Evaluate Critical Elements of Marketing Strategic Alliance Development in Mobile Telecommunication Industry. Group Decis Negot. 27, 251–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10726-018-9554-1
Uddin, M. & Alam, A. & Yazdifar, H. (2017). Financing Behaviour of R&D Investment in the Emerging Markets: The Role of Alliance and Financial System. R&D Management. 49(1):21-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12303
Uk, Z.C., Basfirinci, C., Mitra, A. (2022). Weighted Interpretive Structural Modeling for Supply Chain Risk Management: An Application to Logistics Service Providers in Turkey. Logistics. 6, 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6030057
Varadarajan, P., & Cunningham, M. (1995). Strategic Alliances: A Synthesis of Conceptual Foundations. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 23(4), 282–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/009207039502300408
Yang, J. Lai, K.H., Wang, J., Rauniar, R., & Xie, H. (2015). Strategic Alliance Formation and the Effects on the Performance of Manufacturing Enterprises from Supply Chain Perspective. International Journal of Production Research. 53:13, 3856-3870, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.974843
Yasuda, H. (2005). Formation of Strategic Alliances in High-Technology Industries: Cooperative Study of the Resource Based Theory and the Transaction-Cost Theory. Technovation. 25(7), 763-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2004.01.008
Zane, L.J., and Tribbitt, M.A. (2023). Examining the Influence of Specific IC Elements on Alliance Formation of New Ventures. Journal of Intellectual Capital. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-07-2022-0155
Zarea Fazlelahi, F., Obschonka, M., Davidsson, P., & Burgers, H. (2019). Parental Network Imprinting in Spinoffs: Understanding the Underlying Mechanisms. In Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management. 1. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.11881abstract
Zgarni, A. (2019). Cooperation or Coopetition Strategy: What is the Best Strategy Face to Competition’ Intensity and Strategic Capabilities?. International Review of Management and Marketing. 9(5), 114-124. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.8408.
 
 
.