ارائه الگوی رفتار کارآفرینانه کارکنان در کسب و کارهای صادراتی حوزه برق و الکترونیک کشور با استفاده از مدل سازی ساختاری تفسیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران

2 رییس گروه ارزشیابی کارکنان، سازمان اداری و استخدامی کشور

3 رییس دانشکده مدیریت ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز

4 استاد گروه مدیریت بازرگانی/ دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد / دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

تاکنون در مورد چگونگی شکل گیری رفتار کارآفرینانه کارکنان در کسب و کارهای صادراتی کشور الگوی یکپارچه ای ارائه نشده است. هدف اصلی این تحقیق، ارائه الگوی یکپارچه رفتار کارآفرینانه کارکنان در کسب و کارهای صادراتی حوزه برق و الکترونیک کشور در جهت توسعه بازارهای صادراتی است. در این تحقیق که در سال 1398 انجام گردیده پس از بررسی پیشینه تحقیق، 65 متغیر مؤثر در الگوی رفتار کارآفرینانه کارکنان شناسایی، سپس 13 متغیر اصلی این الگو از طریق برگزاری گروه کانونی با هجده نفر از خبرگان کسب و کارهای صادراتی در حوزه برق و الکترونیک و دانشگاهی کشور نهایی شد و با استفاده از روش مدل سازی ساختاری تفسیری،ارتباط بین متغیرهای الگوی رفتار کارآفرینانه کارکنان در پنج سطح؛ بدست آمد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که شخصیت کارآفرینانه متغیر سطح پنجم،متغیر مهم و پایه ای در الگوی رفتار کارآفرینانه کارکنان می باشد. همچنین زیرساخت های قانونی و فناورانه و تأمین منابع مالی فعالیت های کسب و کارهای جدید به عنوان متغیرهای سطح چهارم جزء متغیر های مهم بعدی در الگوی رفتار کارآفرینانه کارکنان می باشند. خروجی(نتایج) این الگو، ایده پردازی،شناسایی فرصت های کارآفرینانه و بهره برداری از فرصت های کارآفرینانه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Preparing a Model for employees entrepreneurial behavior in electricity and electronics export businesses field, using interpretive structural modeling

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Zali 1
  • Ali Niliaram 2
  • Ali Rezaian 3
  • Asad Allah Kord naeij 4
1 Associate professor, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran
2 Head of group employee appraisal,State Administrative and Recruitment Organization
3 Head of Management Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Center
4 Professor Faculty of Management and Economic, University of Tarbiat Modares
چکیده [English]

An integrated Model has not been proposed on how to shape employee's entrepreneurial behavior in the export businesses in Iran, yet. The main purpose of this research is to design an integrated model of employee's entrepreneurial behavior in electricity and electronics export businesses in order to developing export markets. In this study, which was conducted in 2019, at first, research background was reviewed, afterwards 65 effective variables in the model of Employee Entrepreneurial Behavior were identified, at the end 13 main variables of this model through focus group holding with eighteen experts in export business in the field of electricity and electronics was finalized. Finally five levels model of employees entrepreneurial behavior by using interpretive structural modeling is presented. The research results show that the entrepreneurial personality as the fifth level variable is an important and fundamental variable in the process of employee entrepreneurial behavior. Financing new business activities and legal and technological infrastructure as fourth level variable are the next important variable in the process of employee entrepreneurial behavior. The final results of this model are ideation (creating ideas), identifying entrepreneurial opportunities, and utilizing of entrepreneurial opportunities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Entrepreneurial personality"
  • " financing of new business activities"
  • "legal and technological infrastructure"
  • "Interpretive structural modeling"
  • "Export businesses"
ترنبری، نیل (1398). استراتژی‌های رهبری کارآفرینانه: حفظ روحیه کارآفرینانه در شرکت، ترجمه: محمد رضا زالی و مجتبی صفی‌پور، تهران، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی، چاپ اول
حسین پناهی، شنه؛ محمدی الیاسی، قنبر؛ رضایی‌زاده، مرتضی؛ محمدی، انور (1394). شناسایی و مدل‌سازی ویژگی‌های شخصیتی تسهیل‌کنندة یادگیری تأملی در کارآفرینان کارکشته، توسعه کارآفرینی، 8(4): 669-687  
دفتر برق و الکترونیک وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت (1396). گزارش عملکرد شرکت‌های برق و الکترونیک کشور، تهران
رحیم‌نیا، فریبرز؛ خوراکیان، علیرضا؛ قادری، فرشاد (1397). بررسی تأثیر استراتژی‌های نوآوری بر عملکرد کسب و کارهای صادراتی، مدیریت کسب و کارهای بین المللی، 1(3): 1-22
رضایی‌زاده، مرتضی؛ انصاری، محسن؛ مورفی، ایمون (1392). راهنمای کاربردی روش تحقیق مدیریت تعاملی (IM)، تهران، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی، چاپ اول
زالی، محمدرضا؛ قنادی، راحله؛ عیوضی، فاطمه (1397). شکل‌گیری رفتارهای کارآفرینانه با تأکید بر نقش هویت و اشتیاق، فصلنامه راهبرد، 27(86): 31- 47 
کرمی، اژدر؛ گریفیتز، گرث؛ کرمی، هادی؛ یونس‌پور، زهرا (1397). تأثیر گرایش کارآفرینی بر عملکرد صادراتی شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط، مدیریت کسب و کارهای بین المللی، 1(3): 43-57 
محمدی‌الیاسی، قنبر؛ انصاری، محمد (1393). الگوسازی ساختار ارتباطات تعاملی مؤلفه‌های کسب و کارهای کارآفرینانه برتر نوپا با رویکرد الگوسازی ساختاری تفسیری، مدیریت فرهنگ سازمانی، 12(3): 439-460  
مقیمی، محمد؛ زالی، محمدرضا؛ مرزبان، شیرمراد (1393). بررسی رفتار کارآفرینانه مدیران میانی دانشگاه تهران، پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی، 6(11): 123- 144  
 
Afsar, Bilal., Badir, Yuosre F., Bin Saeed, Bilal., Hafeez, Shakir (2016). Transformation- “al and transactional leadership and employee’s entrepreneurial behavior in knowledge-intensive industries”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-26
Amorim Neto, Roque do Carmo., Picanço Rodrigues, Vinícius., Panzer, Shannon (2017). ”Exploring the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and teachers' job satisfaction”, Teaching and Teacher Education, 63, 254-262
Amorim Neto,Roque do Carmo.,Picanço Rodrigues,Vinícius.,Stewart,Douglas., Xiao,Anna.,Snyder,Jenna (2018).”The influence of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial behavior among K-12 teachers”, Teaching and Teacher Education, 72, 44-53
Antoncic, J. A., Antoncic, B (2011). “Employee satisfaction, intrapreneurship and firm growth: A model”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 111, 589-607.
Audretsch, David B., Heger, Diana., Veith, Tobias (2014).”Infrastructure and entrepreneurship”, Small Business Economy, 1-12
Autio, Ekko., Pathak,s., Jonas Wennberg, karl (2013). “Consequences of Cultural Practices for Entrepreneurial Behavior”, Journal of International Business Studies, 44, 334-362.
Bao, Jiani., Zhou, Xiaohu., Chen, Ying (2017). ”Entrepreneurial passion and behavior: opportunity recognition as a mediator”, Social Behavior and personality, 45(7): 1211-1220
Barba-Sánchez, Virginia., Atienza-Sahuquillo, Carlos (2012). ”Entrepreneurial behavior: Impact of motivation factors on decision to create a new venture”, Investigaciones Europeas, 18, 132-138.
Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1): 99–120.
Bosma, Niels., Stam, Erik., Wennekers, Sander (2012).” Entrepreneurial Employee Activity:  A Large Scale International Stud”, Utrecht School of Economics Tjalling C. Koopmans Research Institute Discussion Paper Series, 12-12
Cardon, M.S., Kirk, Collen. P (2013). “Entrepreneurial Passion as Mediator of the Self-Efficacy to Persistence Relationship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice: 1-24
Cardon, M.S., Wincent, J., Singh, J. and Drnovsek, M (2009). “The nature and experience of entrepreneurial passion”, Academy of Management Review, 34(3): 511-532
Cardon, M.S., Glauser, M., Murnieks, Charles Y (2017). “Passion for what? Expanding the domains of entrepreneurial passion”, Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8:24-32
Carsrud, Alan., Brännback, Malin(2011).“EntrepreneurialMotivations: What Do We Still Need to Know?” Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1): 9-26  
Clark, B. R. (2004); “The Entrepreneurship University Demand and Response: Theory and Practice”; Tertiary Education Management, 22.
De Clrecq, D., Zhou, I (2014). "Entrepreneurial strategic posture and performance in foreigen markets: The critical role of international learning effort", Journal of international marketing, 22(2): 47-67
De Jong, Jeroen P. J., Parker, S.K., Wennekers, S., Wu, C (2015). “Entrepreneurial Behavior in Organizations: Does Job Design Matter?” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39, 981–995
Galkina, Tamara., Kock, Sören(2011).”The influence of entrepreneurial infrastructure on entrepreneur networking: a comparative case study of Russian and Finnish founding teams”, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 13(3): 238-254
Gartner, W. (1988), “Who is an entrepreneur? is the wrong question”, American Journal of Small Business,12(4): 11-32
Gawke, Jason C., Gorgievski, Marjan J., Bakker, Arnold B (2017). Personal Costs and Benefits of Employee Intrapreneurship: Disentangling the Employee Intrapreneurship, Well-Being, and Job Performance Relationship, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000105
George, J. M., Brief, A. P (1992). “Feeling good-doing good: A conceptual analysis of the mood at work-organizational spontaneity relationship”, Psychological Bulletin, 112 (2): 310-329.
Hernandez, Miguel A(2019).” Unveiling International New Ventures’ Success: Employee’s Entrepreneurial Behavior”, Administrative Science, 9(56): 1-32
Hersey, Paul., Blanchard, Kenneth., Dewey, Johnson (1996). Management of Organizational Behavior, 20th edition, New Jersey: Prentice- Hall
Jabeen, Fauzia., Faisal, Nishat(2018). “Imperatives for improving entrepreneurial behavior among females in the UAE: An empirical study and structural model”, Gender in Management: An International Journal, 33(3): 234-252
Jardim palma, Patricia., Pina e Cunha, Miguel., Lopes, Miguel (2009). Entrepreneurial Behavior, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215694453:1-9
Kasanagottu, Suresh., Bhattacharya, Sudipto (2018). “An Empirical Analysis of Significant Factors influencing Entrepreneurial Behavior in the Information Technology Industry”, International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (4.10): 212-216.
Khoshmaram,Mojgan,Shiri,Nematollah.,Shinnar,Rachel.,Savari,Moslem(2018) “Environmental Support and Entrepreneurial Behavior among Iranian Farmers: The Mediating Roles of Social and Human Capital”, Journal of Small Business Management,1-19
Kuckertz, Andreas., Kollmann, Tobias., Krell,Patrick.,Stockmann,Christoph (2017).” Understanding, differentiating and measuring opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23(1): 78 – 97
Leutner,Franziska.,Ahmetoglu,Gorkan.,Akhtar,Reece.,ChamorroPremuzic,Tomas(2014).”The relationship between the entrepreneurial personality and the big five personality traits”, Journal of personality and Individual Differences, 63, 58-63
McAdam, R., McClelland, J., (2002).” Sources of new product ideas and creativity practices in the UK textile industry”, Technovation, 22 (2):113–121
Mandal, A., Deshmukh, S.G (1994). “Vendor selection using interpretive structural management”, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 14(6): 9-52
Menzel, H. C., Aaltio, L., Ulijn, J. M (2007).”On the way to creativity: engineers as intrapreneurs in organizations”, Technovation, 27(12): 732–743.
Miao, Qing., Newman, Alexander., Schwarz, Gary., Cooper.Brain(2017). “How Leadership and Public Service Motivation Enhance Innovative Behavior”, Public Administration Review, 1-11
Moriano, Juan A., Molero, Fernando., Topa, Gabriela., Mangin, Jean-Pierre Lévy (2011).” The influence of transformational leadership and organizational identification on intrapreneurship, International Entrepreneuial Management Journal, 1-17
Mustafa, Michael., Fiona, Gavin., Hughes, Mathew (2018). ”Contextual   Determinants of Employee Entrepreneurial Behavior in Support of Corporate Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda”, Journal of Enterprising Culture, 26, 285–326
Mustafa, Michael., Martin, Lee., Hughes, Mathew (2016). ”Psychological Ownership, Job Satisfaction, and Middle Manager Entrepreneurial Behavior”, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 1–16
Naranjo-Valencia, J,C., Jime´nez-Jime´nez, D., Sanz-Valle, R(2011). “Innovation or imitation? The role of organizational culture”, Management Decision, 49(1):55-72.
Newman, Alexander., Obschonka. Martin., Susan, Martin., Cohen, Michael., Nielsen, Ingrid (2019). ” Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110,403-419
Paunovic, Svetislav., Constantin Dima, Ioan (2014). ”Organizational Culture and Corporate Entrepreneurship”, Annals of the University of Petroşani: Economics, 14 (1): 269-276
Renko, M., Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L., Brännback, M (2013).”Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style”, Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1):54–74
Reynolds, Paul D (2011). “Informal and Early Formal Financial Support in the Business Creation Process: Exploration with PSED II Data Set”, Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1): 27-54
Rigtering, J.P.C., Weitzel, U (2013)."Work context and employee behaviour as antecedents for intrapreneurship", Working Paper, 1-30
Shane, Scott., Locke, Edwin A, Collins, Christopher J(2003). “Entrepreneurial Motivation”, ILR Collection at DigitalCommons@ILR,1-26
Skarmeas,D.,Lisboa,A.,Saridakis,C(2016).Export Performance as a Function of Market Learning Capabilities and Intrapreneurship:SEM and FsQCA Finding, Journal of Business Research, 69(11): 5342-5347
Singh, Kh. Devananda., Onahring, B.D (2019). ”Entrepreneurial intention, job satisfaction and organisation commitment construct of a research model through literature review”, Journal of Global entrepreneurship Research, 9(16): 2-18
Stevenson, H. H., Jarillo, J. C. (1990). “A paradigm of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management”. Strategic Management Journal, 11: 17-27.
Stroe, Silvia., Parida, Vinit.,Wincent,Joakim(2018). “Effectuation or causation: An fsQCA analysis of entrepreneurial passion, risk perception, and self-efficacy”, Journal of Business Research, 89, 265-272
Trevor, C (2001).” Interactive effects among actual ease of movement determinants and job satisfaction in the prediction of voluntary turnover”, Academy of Management Journal, 44(4): 621–638.
Urban, B., Wood, E (2015). ”The importance of opportunity recognition behaviour and motivators of employees when engaged in corporate entrepreneurship”, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 16(5): 980-994.
Wakkee, Ingrid. , Tom, Elfring. , Sylvia, Monaghan (2010). ”Creating entrepreneurial employees in traditional service sectors”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6, 1–21
Walton Kirkley, William (2016)."Entrepreneurial behaviour: the role of values", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22 (3):1-32
Zhao, H., Seibert, S.E (2006). ”The big five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review”, The Journal of Applied psychology, 91,259-271