ترکیب بهینه نقاط تحویل، انتقال ریسک و انتقال هزینه‌ها در تجارت بین‌الملل با تاکید بر اینکوترمز 2020

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران

3 مربی گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی این مطلب است که چگونه می‌توان چالش‌های موجود بر سر راه استفاده از اینکوترمز را برطرف کرد و با عنایت به مدیریت زنجیره تأمین و روابط بین خریدار و فروشنده، راهکاری برای بهینه‌سازی استفاده از استانداردهای اینکوترمز طراحی کرد که بتواند ترکیب بهینه نقاط تحویل، انتقال ریسک و انتقال هزینه‌ها را ایجاد کند. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی بوده و به روش آمیخته، در پنج مرحله شامل تحقیق داده‌بنیاد، تکنیک دلفی، تحلیل اثر متقابل، هم‌پوشانی و تدوین سناریوهای سازگار طراحی شده و روش نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت هدفمند بوده است. در مرحله اول با استفاده از نرم‌افزار مکس کیودا 20، تعداد 7 عامل مؤثر، 13 مؤلفه، 11 راهبرد و 2 پیامد شناسایی شد. در مرحله دوم طی چهار مرحله تکنیک مصاحبه دلفی با مشارکت خبرگان در حوزه بازرگانی بین‌الملل، 33 عامل مؤثر شناسایی شد. در مرحله سوم تعداد 5 عامل کلیدی و استراتژیک با استفاده از نرم‌افزار میک‌مک استخراج گردید. در مرحله چهارم عوامل وظایف خریدار و فروشنده در اصطلاحات اینکوترمز 2020، روابط خریدار و فروشنده، مدیریت زنجیره تأمین و بازرگانی بینالملل به‌عنوان پیشران انتخاب و سپس با استفاده از نرم‌افزار سناریو ویزارد، تعداد 6 سناریوی سازگار استخراج شد. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد در صورت بالا بودن سطح رابطه خریدار با فروشنده و با هدف تأمین اهداف مدیریت زنجیره تأمین شامل بهبود فرایندها، کمینه‌سازی هزینه‌ها و بیشینه‌سازی کارائی در رویکرد صادرات استفاده از اصطلاحات گروه D و در رویکرد واردات استفاده از اصطلاحات گروه E می‌تواند حالت بهینه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The optimum combination of delivery, risk transfer, and cost transfer points in international trade with emphasis on Incoterms 2020

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Babaie 1
  • Firouzeh Haji ali akbari 2
  • Fereshteh Lotfizadeh 2
  • Arshad Farahmandian 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Humanities, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Humanities, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
3 Instructor, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Humanities, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research is to investigate how to overcome the challenges in the use of Incoterms and design a solution to optimize the use of Incoterms standards concerning supply chain management and relations between buyers and sellers in order to create favorable conditions for Companies in international transactions, especially regarding the points of delivery of goods, transfer of risk and transfer of costs.

This research is designed with a mixed method and in five stages, including the grounded theory method, Delphi technique, the Cross Impact Analysis Method, overlap, and Identifying compatible scenarios. The sampling method was purposeful.

In the first stage, 7 effective factors, 13 components, 11 strategies, and two consequences were identified by using MAXQDA 20 software. In the second stage, 33 effective factors were identified during the four stages of the Delphi interview technique. In the third stage, using MicMac software, five strategic factors were identified. In the fourth stage, the factors of buyer and seller duties in Incoterms 2020, buyer-seller relations, supply chain management, and international trade were selected as drivers. Then six compatible scenarios were extracted using Scenario Wizard software. The findings of this research showed that if the level of the relationship between the buyer and the seller is high and to meet the goals of supply chain management, including improving processes, minimizing costs, and maximizing efficiency, and in the export approach, the use of Group D of Incoterms and in the import approach, using group E of Incoterms is the Optimal combination.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Incoterms
  • risk and cost transfer
  • supply chain management
  • international trade
  • buyer and seller relations

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 مرداد 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 شهریور 1401

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